Surfynol DF-110D Air Products Defoamer / Antifoaming agent >> Silicone-free >> Surfactant & Fatty acid Coatings >> Solvent-Free/ High-Solids Coatings >> Waterborne Surfynol DF-110D. A nonionic, non-silicone product useful for defoaming in aqueous systems without the side effects typical of many foam control agents. The product is also a deairentrainment agent in high-solids aqueous systems. Surfynol DF-110D is a liquid product. Other forms are available, including Surfynol DF-110L (liquid) and Surfynol DF-110S (flowable solid). In addition to Surfy¯nol 104 surfactant solvent blends, other members of the Surfy¯nol surfactant product line include ethoxylated analogs (Surfy¯nol 420, 440, 465, 485, and 485W surfactants) and the Surfy¯nol DF-110 defoamer series (Surfy¯nol DF-110L and DF-110D defoamers). The benefits brought to water-based formulations containing Surfy¯nol surfactants include: improved wetting (due to reduced surface tension), defoaming/deairentraining, reduced viscosity and improved color development. The efficiency of Surfy¯nol 104 and Surfy¯nol 400 surfactants as surface tension reducers and the efficiency of Surfy¯nol 104, Surfy¯nol 400 series and Surfy¯nol DF-110 surfactants as defoamers stem in part from their limited solubility in water (see Table 1). When formulated into systems, Surfy¯nol surfactants are most often used at levels well above their solubility limitations in pure water. Use levels can range from 0.05 to 3% due to the following: Surfactant-based systems containing micelles can solubilize Surfy¯nol surfactants. Surfy¯nol surfactants in heterogeneous systems, such as dispersions and latexes, will be absorbed at the interface between the continuous and discontinuous phase. Therefore, in order to ensure that Surfy¯nol surfactants are properly incorporated into systems, the following should be considered and adhered to when appropriate: Maintain adequate agitation and allow mix times of at least 15–30 minutes. In a formulation or mix procedure, add Surfy¯nol surfactants last, especially after other surface active materials have been added. This will allow the maximum rate of dissolution or dispersibility of Surfy¯nol surfactants into the system. However, if addition of a Surfy¯nol surfactant causes an undesirable viscosity rise, try adding the Surfy¯nol surfactant as early as possible in the formulation. Viscosity can act as a barrier to surfactant incorporation. Therefore, add system components that will tend to lower viscosity before adding Surfy¯nol surfactants. Add any viscosity increasing ingredients after mixing Surfy¯nol surfactants into the formulation. Also, maintain an elevated system temperature, provided that this will not have a deleterious effect on the system. This will assist in the incorporation of the surfactant. Utilize a liquid version of the appropriate Surfy¯nol surfactant wherever possible . If 100% active Surfy¯nol 104 surfactant (melting point 45°C) or Surfy¯nol DF-110 defoamer (melting point 60°C) is necessary, it should be melted before use. Surfy¯nol surfactants should never be added in the solid form due to the difficulty of incorporation. Optimal concentration levels should be determined by running a ladder study. Handling Some Surfy¯nol surfactants may separate upon exposure to freezing temperatures. This does not affect subsequent performance. If separation occurs, warm to room temperature and stir to reincorporate the materials. Nonionic, non-silicone product useful for defoaming in aqueous systems without the side effects typical of many foam control agents. Deairentrainment agent in high-solids aqueous systems. Some of the benefits include: efficient knockdown defoaming; control of foam created and stabilized by other surface active agents; no internal microbial activity, due to its water-free nature; excellent shelf stability over a wide range of physical conditions; and elimination of incompatibilities associated with silicone-containing and mineral oil defoamers. Recommanded usage level: from 0.2 to 1%.